GERONIMO Storia
Lunedì 08 maggio 2017 alle 11:35
Replica alle 23:33
Replica domenica 14 maggio 2017 alle 08:35
In replica lunedì 31 luglio 2017 alle 11:35
Per due secoli, intorno alla metà del primo millennio a.C., Sparta fu la città più potente del mondo greco. Dapprima contribuì ad arrestare l’invasione persiana; l’eroica difesa del Passo delle Termopili da parte di re Leonida e dei suoi trecento soldati divenne il simbolo di quella guerra vittoriosa ed entrò stabilmente nell’immaginario dell’Occidente. Nel secolo seguente gli Spartani seppero sconfiggere anche la grande rivale, Atene, prima di precipitare a loro volta nella spirale della decadenza.
Al di là di questi successi, Sparta fu soprattutto un modello politico alternativo, per l’austerità della vita pubblica, lo spirito militaresco, il cameratismo tra eguali, l’educazione della gioventù, la libertà accordata alle donne. Nei secoli seguenti molti ne subirono il fascino, dai romani sino ai nazisti.
Negli ultimi decenni tuttavia gli storici hanno rinnovato l’immagine di Sparta, discutendo e correggendo molti stereotipi; tra loro il nostro ospite, Marcello Lupi, autore di una recente e pregevole sintesi. Pur confermando gli aspetti più noti della società spartana, queste nuove ricerche hanno ricondotto nei giusti limiti l’eccezionalità della sua vicenda, sottolineando anche i molti aspetti in comune con le altre città greche.
Bibliografia
Marcello Lupi, Sparta. Storia e rappresentazioni di una città greca, Carocci
Johann Chapoutot, Il nazismo e l’antichità, Einaudi
Plutarco, Le virtù di Sparta, Adelphi
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