La tribù degli Shipibo-Conibo appartiene alla cosiddetta Selva Profonda, quell'appellativo di rispetto che viene usato per nominare la parte ancora incontaminata della Foresta Amazzonica. Le loro culture di caccia e pesca – Shipibo significa uomo scimmia e Conibo uomo pesce – hanno prosperato lungo il fiume Ucayali per secoli. Oggi però molti membri della tribù hanno optato per una vita moderna, in città.
I cambiamenti della tribù degli Shipibo-Conibo
Il Perù è in crescita economica costante da più di otto anni come dichiara lo stesso Istituto Nazionale di Statistica del Perù (INEI) con un tasso di crescita del 7,81%. Questo è un fattore che sta muovendo milioni di persone dalle regioni della Sierra e della Selva verso la città di Lima.
Le motivazioni sono varie, come si è già visto in Europa dal dopoguerra, lo svuotamento delle campagne è un fenomeno tipico di un paese in crescita. Tuttavia, il cambiamento climatico si sta facendo sentire anche nella regione amazzonica del fiume Ucayali, da dove provengono gli Shipibo-Conibo. Il fenomeno di erosione del letto del fiume, dovuto alla deforestazione massiccia, ha causato forti inondazioni che hanno distrutto moltissimi frutteti, riducendo drasticamente l'approvvigionamento alimentare della regione.
La comunità Shipibo-Conibo che oggi vive nel quartiere di San Juan de Lurigancho si è appena trasferita da Cantagallo, isola fluviale sul fiume Rimac in cui si sono insediati nel 1998 e che nel novembre del 2016 ha subìto un incendio che ha completamente raso al suolo il villaggio.
Ruben Lagattolla
GLI ALTRI POPOLI
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