Un lago scomparso nel nulla. O quasi. È la sorte toccata al lago Ciad, al confine tra l'omonimo Paese africano, il Niger, la Nigeria e il Camerun. Sessant'anni fa raggiungeva i 26 mila chilometri quadrati di superficie, due terzi della Svizzera. Oggi, ciò che ne rimane misura 1500 chilometri quadrati, meno del Canton Ticino.
Un dramma ambientale che da decenni costringe milioni di persone a migrare, oltre ad essere alla base di conflitti tra le comunità e dell'insorgenza del gruppo terroristico Boko Haram.
Senza acqua non c'è vita e così, la vita, la si va a cercare altrove
Il delicato tema è alla base del documentario Tropico del caos del regista romano Angelo Loy, che nel 2019 ha incontrato le popolazioni che vivono attorno al lago: pastori nomadi Peul, contadini Kanembo e pescatori Boudou. Delle loro sorti si è occupata anche Francesca Rosignoli, ricercatrice dell'Eurac di Bolzano e dell'Universitá di Stoccolma, autrice di Giustizia ambientale. E sul lago Ciad è massima l'attenzione anche da parte delle piattaforme ginevrine che si occupano delle migrazioni legate al cambiamento climatico, come lo Iom e la Platform on Disaster Displacement, erede dell'iniziativa Nansen.
Gilberto Mastromatteo
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