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Rottami di razzi, residui di pannelli solari, satelliti abbandonati, parti di motori: è la cosiddetta spazzatura spaziale, uno sciame di oltre 17'000 detriti che orbitano attorno al nostro pianeta e che viaggiano all’impressionante velocità di 28’000 chilometri l’ora. A questa andatura, anche un residuo grande come un sassolino è abbastanza per causare seri danni ad una navicella di passaggio.
Ora una nuova tecnologia sviluppata dal Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) di Boston permette di separare i diversi materiali, quali alluminio, teflon e titanio, per “ripulire” almeno in parte l’orbita terrestre. Si tratta di una tecnica di polarimetria laser in grado di decifrare la tipologia di frammento riconoscendo il materiale: in questo modo è anche possibile stimarne il peso e il potenziale distruttivo.
Anche i ricercatori dell'Università di Tolosa e dell'Agenzia spaziale europea stanno studiando delle soluzioni. Al momento in cantiere c'è un sistema di “rimorchiatori” in grado di generare dei forti campi magnetici per attrarre i satelliti dismessi e spostarli dall'orbita.
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