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Il quinto stato della materia (uno stato distinto da quello liquido, solido, gassoso e dal plasma) è stato ottenuto in un esperimento condotto dal Cold Atom Laboratory della NASA per oltre un secondo sulla Stazione spaziale internazionale. È possibile solo a temperature vicine allo zero assoluto e nel quale atomi ultrafreddi si muovono all'unisono comportandosi come onde anziché come particelle.
La variazione della densità di una nuvola di atomi raffreddata a temperature sempre più basse (da sinistra a destra)
Prodotto per la prima volta in laboratorio nel 1995, sulla Terra il quinto stato della materia, detto anche "condensato di Bose-Einstein", può essere mantenuto solo poche frazioni di secondo.
Il risultato mostra che sarà possibile generare atomi da utilizzare nei sensori di alta precisione, aprendo la strada a molte applicazioni. Misurando per esempio le onde gravitazionali terrestri, si possono registrare i movimenti del magma nei vulcani, lo spostamento dei ghiacciai, le variazioni del livello del mare.
Scopri di più su coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov
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