La Svizzera può ancora raggiungere l'obiettivo ambientale "emissioni zero" entro il 2050 a patto che si compiano sforzi in tutti i settori, dalla riduzione della domanda all'aumento dell'efficienza degli elettrodomestici e alla sostituzione dell'energia fossile. Lo scrive giovedì l'Accademia svizzera di scienze naturali (SCNAT) presentando un nuovo rapporto in materia.
Gli scienziati hanno valutato due scenari legati al caso in cui non si riesca a raggiungere un accordo per importazioni garantite di elettricità in inverno e sono giunti alla conclusione che un approvvigionamento energetico a emissioni zero è possibile pure senza ricorrere per forza all'import. Tuttavia, il primo scenario, con un approvvigionamento energetico nazionale completo ad eccezione del carburante per l'aviazione, prevede una domanda di elettricità irrealistica e a costi e conseguenze ambientali molto elevati.
Il secondo scenario prevede che la mancanza di elettricità durante il semestre invernale e il carburante per il traffico pesante siano coperti dall'importazione di combustibili rinnovabili (prodotti all'estero). Ciò richiederebbe un minore sviluppo del fotovoltaico e implicherebbe un portafoglio ampiamente diversificato di fonti energetiche. La dipendenza dall'estero sarebbe notevolmente ridotta rispetto a oggi e sarebbe distribuita su un maggior numero di Paesi.
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