Morie di pesci, propagazione di alghe e inquinamento dovuto ai fosfati. Il lago Baikal sta affrontando una delle più gravi crisi ecologiche della sua storia lunga 25 milioni di anni.
Situato nel cuore della Siberia, il Baikal è il lago più antico e più profondo (1'700 metri) del mondo. Contiene, da solo, il 20% dell'acqua dolce non congelata del pianeta ed "è di straordinario valore per la scienza dell'evoluzione", secondo l'UNESCO, che nel 1996 lo ha incluso nel patrimonio dell'umanità.
In agosto, il presidente russo Vladimir Putin ha denunciato "l'inquinamento estremamente forte" del Baikal. Una legge speciale del 1999 prevedeva misure per proteggere il lago. Il Governo ha anche promesso di pagare l'equivalente di 350 milioni di franchi per il programma di depurazione delle acque reflue, lanciato nel 2012. Secondo gli esperti locali, però, gran parte dei soldi già spesi è stato sprecato, per esempio con il depuratore di Babushkin, costato milioni: i batteri che dovrebbero purificare l'acqua non sono in grado di agire al gelo dell'inverno siberiano.
ATS/M. Ang.
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