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Le zanzare non sono solo un fastidio estivo, ma possono trasmettere malattie come il virus del Nilo occidentale. Per ridurre i rischi, il Servizio Trasfusionale della Croce Rossa ha avviato un progetto di monitoraggio in Ticino, in collaborazione con l’Ufficio del medico cantonale, istituti di ricerca e laboratori a Lugano e Berna.
Il virus, già diffuso in Italia e rilevato in Ticino nel 2022, non ha ancora causato casi clinici in Svizzera. “L’obiettivo è valutare i rischi per la popolazione e per le trasfusioni di sangue”, spiega a Il Quotidiano Stefano Fontana, direttore medico del Servizio trasfusionale. Dal mese di luglio, ogni donazione viene analizzata e campionata, ma finora non è stata trovata traccia del virus.
Un ruolo chiave è affidato all’Istituto di microbiologia della SUPSI, che analizza le zanzare catturate sul territorio. “Se gli insetti risultano positivi, il centro trasfusionale può modulare la raccolta del sangue nelle aree interessate”, chiarisce il direttore Francesco Origgi. Otto persone su dieci infettate restano asintomatiche, mentre solo lo 0,1% sviluppa complicazioni gravi. “Stare in allerta è importante: il monitoraggio ci permette di cogliere le prime gocce di pioggia ed evitare la tempesta”, aggiunge Origgi.
La sorveglianza durerà due anni e prenderà in esame anche dengue e chikungunya, virus non ancora presenti in Svizzera ma considerati possibili minacce future.
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